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“My Dear Master”: An Enslaved Blacksmith’s Letters to a President

This document is the rarest of items in the Library of Congress's manuscript collections: a letter written by an enslaved person.

Voter Suppression Carries Slavery's Three-Fifths Clause into the Present

The Georgia governor’s election was the latest example of how James Madison’s words continue to shape our views on race.

Dropouts Built America

When the going gets tough, the tough start something better.

America’s Original Sin

Slavery and the legacy of white supremacy.

Harriet Tubman’s Daring Civil War Raid

Abolishing slavery wasn’t enough. Someone had to actually free the enslaved people of the American south.

Southern Baptist Convention’s Flagship Seminary Details Its Racist, Slave-Owning Past

"We are living in an age of historical reckoning," said Southern Baptist leader R. Albert Mohler Jr.
Political cartoon of the liberation of a slave by going to a free state.

The Mystery of William Jones, an Enslaved Man Owned by Ulysses S. Grant

Looking for traces of the last person ever owned by a U.S. president.

Frederick Douglass Forum

An online forum on the life and legacy of Frederick Douglass.

The Costs of the Confederacy

In the last decade, taxpayers have spent at least $40 million on Confederate monuments and groups that perpetuate racist ideology.
Frederick Douglass.

Frederick Douglass, Abolition, and Memory

On Douglass’s monumental life, the voice of the biographer, memory and tragedy, and why history matters right now.

The Question Without a Solution

The horrors of the fugitive slave laws, the costs of union, and the value of comity.

America’s Struggle for Moral Coherence

The problem of how to reconcile irreconcilable values is what led to the Civil War. It hasn’t gone away.
Lithograph of a white man beating an enslaved man.

How Slavery Made the Modern Scotland

A new documentary lays bare just how central a role Scotland played in the slave trade.

How Yellow Fever Turned New Orleans Into The 'City Of The Dead'

Some years the virus would wipe out a tenth of the population, earning New Orleans the nickname "Necropolis."
Hand-carved headstone.

The Hidden History of African-American Burial Sites in the Antebellum South

Enslaved people used codes to mark graves on plantation grounds.

The Double Battle

A review of David Blight's new biography of Frederick Douglass.

At 63, I Threw Away My Prized Portrait of Robert E. Lee

I was raised to venerate Lee the principled patriot—but I want no association with Lee the defender of slavery.
Historical marker in Memphis telling the history of Nathan Bedford Forrest

Naming the Enslaved, Reconciling the Past in Memphis

The roll call for the names of 74 African Americans sold into slavery by Nathan Bedford Forrest in Memphis was solemn.

The Origins of Prison Slavery

How Southern whites found replacements for their emancipated slaves in the prison system.

Slave and Free Black Marriage in the Nineteenth Century

During and after slavery, some whites considered legal marriage too sacred an institution to be offered to black Americans.

Raising Cane

The violence on Capitol Hill that foreshadowed a bloody war.
Statue of John C. Calhoun and spire of Emanuel AME church in Charleston.

The South Carolina Monument That Symbolizes Clashing Memories of Slavery

In Charleston, a monument to John C. Calhoun squares off against its symbolic rival, the steeple of Emanuel A.M.E. Church, where a white supremacist killed nine.

When Slavery Is Erased From Plantations

Some historical sites have struggled to reconcile founding-era exceptionalism with the true story of America’s original sin.

United Daughters of the Confederacy & White Supremacy

In an open letter, an encyclopedia editor stands behind the use of the term "white supremacy" to describe the UDC's work.
U.S. Patent Office

The Story of the American Inventor Denied a Patent Because He Was a Slave

What happens when the Patent Office doesn't recognize the inventor as a person at all?

How Slavery Inspired Modern Business Management

The connections between the two systems of labor have been persistently neglected in mainstream business history.

On Richard Blackett’s "The Captive Quest for Freedom"

Five historians weigh in on a new book about the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act.

A Wretched Situation Made Plain on Paper

How an engraving of a slave ship helped the abolition movement.

"Though Declared to be American Citizens"

The Colored Convention Movement, black citizenship, and the Fourteenth Amendment.

Jefferson and Hemings: How Negotiation Under Slavery Was Possible

In navigating lives of privation and brutality, enslaved people haggled, often daily, for liberties small and large.

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