Counter-Histories of the Internet

Our ethics and desires can shape digital networks at least as forcefully as those networks influence us.

Our Twisted DNA

A review of "She Has Her Mother’s Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity."
A fanciful, seventeenth-century depiction of the fall of Tenochtitlan, with clashing armies.

Did Colonialism Cause Global Cooling? Revisiting an Old Controversy

However the Little Ice Age came to be, we now know that climatic cooling had profound consequences for contemporary societies.
Photograph of a student using a teletype machine.

How Minnesota Teachers Invented a Proto-Internet More Centered on Community Than Commerce

Civic-minded Midwesterners realized that network access would someday be a necessity, and worked to make it available to everyone, no strings attached.
Rachel Carson conducting marine biology research with Bob Hines offshore.
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Rachel Carson's Critics Called Her a Witch

When Silent Spring was published, the response was overtly gendered. Rachel Carson's critics depicted her as hysterical, mystical, and witchy.

In Search of George Washington Carver’s True Legacy

The famed agriculturalist deserves to be known for much more than peanuts.

Plug in Your Address to See How It's Changed Over the Past 750 Million Years

You can hone in on a specific location and visualize how it has evolved between the Cryogenian Period and the present.
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Blackface and the Roots of Racism in American Medicine

The study of medicine is rife with racist assumptions and experiments that still shape health outcomes today.
Veteran who was exposed to nuclear radiation.

The Atomic Soldiers

How the U.S. government used veterans as atomic guinea pigs.

The Women Who Contributed to Science but Were Buried in Footnotes

In a new study, researchers uncovered female programmers who made important but unrecognized contributions to genetics.
Artistic collage fire, cars trains, factories, and air pollution.

Endless Combustion

Three new books examine how the rise of coal, oil, and gas have permanently remade our world.

Finding Lena, the Patron Saint of JPEGs

In 1972, a photo of a Swedish Playboy model was used to create the JPEG. The model herself was mostly a mystery—until now.

Quacks, Alternative Medicine, and the U.S. Army in the First World War

During WWI, the Surgeon General received numerous pitches for miraculous cures for sick and wounded American soldiers.

Computers Were Supposed to Be Good

Joy Lisi Rankin’s book on the history of personal computing looks at the technology’s forgotten democratic promise.

Model Metropolis

Behind one of the most iconic computer games of all time is a theory of how cities die—one that has proven dangerously influential.
Detail from a painting of David Hosack’s "Elgin Garden," ca. 1815.

Flower Power: Hamilton's Doctor and the Healing Power of Nature

In the early 1800s, David Hosack created one of the nation's first botanical gardens to further his pioneering medical research.

Hollow Words

Exploring John Cleves Symmes Jr.’s obsession with a hollow Earth.

Time-Bombing the Future

Synthetics created in the 20th century have become an evolutionary force, altering human biology and the web of life.
Redwood trees

Arborists Have Cloned Ancient Redwoods From Their Massive Stumps

Cloning can help combat climate change.

The First Female MIT Student Started an All-Women Chemistry Lab

Ellen Swallow Richards applied chemistry to the home to advocate for consumer safety and women's education.

Politics of Yellow Fever in Alexander Hamilton's America

Yellow fever ravaged Philadelphia in 1793, touching nearly everyone in the city.
Douglas Engelbart wearing an earpiece, sitting at a computer, in 1968.

The Future, Revisited: “The Mother of All Demos” at 50

How the ’60s counterculture gave birth to personal computers and the vast tech industry that builds and sells them.
Newspaper front-page with headline "When Gen. La Grippe Declares War on the U.S.A."
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Forgotten Flu

A look back at the so-called “Spanish Flu," how it affected the U.S., and why it’s often overlooked today.
French elites at an eighteenth-century erotic seance.

Mesmerising Science: The Franklin Commission and the Modern Clinical Trial

Benjamin Franklin, magnetic trees, and erotically-charged séances.

Science’s Freedom Fighters

Why do Americans get so worked up by the basic assertion that all science is political?
Drawing of a turkey-shaped brown blob on a platter with worried people peering across the table at it.

A Delicious History of “Meatless Meat”

Non-meat proteins have a long history – and are looking more like the necessary food of the future.
Valentina Tereshkova in space, painted
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Valentina Tereshkova and the American Imagination

Remembering the Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, and how she challenged American stereotypes.
WW1 soldiers wearing gas masks.

How World War I Became the First Modern War of Science

One hundred years ago, a group of U.S. academics and soldiers revolutionized warfare. We’re still seeing the results today.
Human skull in a museum display case.

The Extremely Fast Peopling of the Americas

Two genetic studies show how the first Native Americans spread through their new continent with incredible speed.
Museum exhibit in Peru: a diorama with artifacts and mannequins representing paleoindian culture.

Three New DNA Studies Are Shaking Up the History of Humans in the Americas

Three new genetics studies present a fascinating, complex picture of how the first people in America spread across two continents.