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The Civil War and the Black West

On the integrated Union regiments composed of white, black, and native men who fought in the Civil War's western theatre.
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Freedom's Fortress

Exploring Virginia’s Fort Monroe – the place where slavery began in British North America, and where, during the Civil War, it began to unravel.

The Class Politics of the Civil War

By naming a common enemy the Union Army was able to build and then steer a coalition of Americans toward the systematic destruction of slavery.

In Defense of the American Revolution

1776 began as a petty squabble among odious and powerful elites. It soon became the lodestar of emancipatory movements everywhere.

The Universalist Principles of the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence advocates for liberty and equality. We would do well to remember those principles today.

Why This Mexican Village Celebrates Juneteenth

Descendants of slaves who escaped across the southern border observe Texas’s emancipation holiday with their own unique traditions.
Josiah Henson

Before ‘Uncle Tom’ Was a Bestseller, He Was Josiah Henson

Born into slavery, this preacher and Underground Railroad conductor served as the inspiration for a history-making book.

The Birthplace of American Slavery Debated Abolishing it After Nat Turner’s Bloody Revolt

Virginia engaged in “the most public, focused, and sustained discussion of slavery and emancipation that ever occurred."

The Statue of Liberty Was Created to Celebrate Freed Slaves, Not Immigrants

Lady Liberty was inspired by the end of the Civil War and emancipation. The connection to immigration came later.
Portrait photograph of Harriet Jacobs as an older woman

Incidents in the Life of Harriet Jacobs

A virtual tour of "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl."

The Prophet Is Human

A towering new biography of the great American orator and public intellectual Frederick Douglass.

The Internationalist History of the US Suffrage Movement

What we miss when we tell the story of women's rights activism as a strictly national tale.

Making Good on the Broken Promise of Reparations

Ignoring the moral imperative of repairing slavery's wounds because it might be “divisive” reinforces a myth of white innocence.
Fugitive slave ad taken out by Thomas Jefferson.

Freedom on the Move

A database of fugitives from American Slavery.

Martin Luther King Jr. and the Meaning of Emancipation

He was a revolutionary, if one committed to nonviolence. But nonviolence does not exhaust his philosophy.

Harriet Tubman’s Daring Civil War Raid

Abolishing slavery wasn’t enough. Someone had to actually free the enslaved people of the American south.
Lithograph of Thomas Jefferson

Hero or Villain, Both and Neither: Appraising Thomas Jefferson, 200 Years Later

A Pulitzer historian assesses what we are to make of UVA’s founder, 200 years hence.

The Double Battle

A review of David Blight's new biography of Frederick Douglass.
Robert E. Lee surrendering to Ulysses Grant.
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Why Some White Americans see Racial Equality as Oppression

White victimhood's roots in the Civil War.

Citizens: 150 Years of the 14th Amendment

In 1868, black activists had already been promoting birthright as the basis of their national belonging for nearly half a century.

When the Fourth of July Was a Black Holiday

After the Civil War, African Americans in the South transformed Independence Day into a celebration of their newly won freedom.
Abolitionist political cartoon depicting the devil telling a slaveholder he is sinning.

How Antebellum Christians Justified Slavery

In the minds of some Southern Protestants, slavery had been divinely sanctioned.

Lonesome for Our Home

Zora Neale Hurston’s long-lost oral history with one of the last survivors of the Atlantic slave trade.
United States Colored Troops.

African American Civil War Soldiers

Why an historian is compiling a digital database of the military records of 200,000+ black Union soldiers.
James Armistead.

How an Enslaved Man-Turned-Spy Helped Secure Victory at the Battle of Yorktown

James Armistead was an enslaved man who provided critical intel to the Continental Army as a double agent during the Revolutionary War.

The Compensated Emancipation Act of 1862

While a far cry from full emancipation, it was an important step towards the abolition of slavery.

The International Vision of John Willis Menard, the First African-American Elected to Congress

Although he was denied his House seat, Menard continued his activism with the goal of uniting people across the Western Hemisphere.
Painting of peasants and landlords on Yuri's Day

How American Slavery Echoed Russian Serfdom

Russian serfdom and American slavery ended within two years of each other; the defenders of these systems of bondage surprisingly shared many of the same arguments.

When Emancipation Finally Came, Slave Markets Took on a Redemptive Purpose

During the Civil War, slave pens held captive Confederate soldiers. After, they became rallying points for a newly empowered community.
Harper's Weekly illustration titled "The Negro Exodus -- the Old Style and the New," depicting a fugitive slave and exodusters traveling west.

Exodusters: African American Migration to the Great Plains

A primary source set and teaching guide created by educators.

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