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Laundered Violence

Law and protest in Durham, North Carolina.
A plaque in Brooklyn commemorating Robert E. Lee.

It’s Hard to Get Rid of a Confederate Memorial in New York City

At least one monument has come down this summer, but two streets in Brooklyn have proved difficult to rename.

The Day White Virginia Stopped Admiring Gen. Robert E. Lee and Started Worshiping Him

Stripping Virginia of its Lee tributes is far harder than it is in other places.
Microphone hovers over a portrait of George Washington.
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What Trump — And His Critics — Get Wrong About George Washington and Robert E. Lee

The two men owned slaves — but at vastly different moments in American history.

The Confederate General Who Was Erased

There's a reason you won't find many monuments in the South to one of Robert E. Lee's most able deputies.
Robert E. Lee statue

Confederate Statues Honor Timeless Virtues — Let Them Stay

Don’t let extremists on both sides destroy honor and valor, even as they seek to destroy everything else.

Why Boston Has A Confederate Monument — And Why You Can't See It Right Now

The state's only Confederate memorial, a stone on Georges Island, has been boarded up since June while the state ponders its fate.

Some Thoughts on Public Memory

The only logic to honoring Lee is to honor treason and treason in the worst possible cause.
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What Would Jefferson Say About White Supremacists Descending Upon his University?

Jefferson had a complicated relationship with white supremacy.
Violence during the "Unite the Right" rally in Charlottesville on August 12, 2017.

The Battle of Charlottesville

What happened in Virginia was not the culminating battle of this conflict. It’s likely a tragic preface to more of the same.
Robert E. Lee Statue in Charlottesville.
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Why We Need Confederate Monuments

They force us to remember the worst parts of our history.

History Writ Aright

What would it take for people "to know their history"? Pay attention to the silences.

The Confederate Flag Largely Disappeared after the Civil War

The fight against civil rights brought it back.

The True History of the South Is Not Being Erased

Taking down Confederate monuments helps confront the past, not obscure it.

Here's the Real History Behind Arizona's Confederate Monuments

It has less to do with the state's role in the Civil War, and more to do with backlash to the Civil Rights movement.

Confederate or Not, Which Monuments Should Stay or Go? We Asked, You Answered.

We asked about monuments in your home town. Here's what you said.

The Myth of the Kindly General Lee

The legend of the Confederate leader’s heroism and decency is based in the fiction of a person who never existed.

The Battle for Memorial Day in New Orleans

A century and a half after the Civil War, Mayor Mitch Landrieu asked his city to reexamine its past — and to wrestle with hard truths.

After the Civil War, Robert E. Lee Led the Charge for Reconciliation

Lee should not be defined not only by his time as a Confederate general, but also by his actions after the war was over.

Bryan Stevenson Explains How It Feels To Grow Up Black Amid Confederate Monuments

"I think we have to increase our shame — and I don't think shame is a bad thing."

Robert E. Lee Topples From His Pedestal

The Confederate general has long been seen, in the South and beyond, as embodying the virtues of the ideal man.

Slavery and Freedom

Eric Foner, Walter Johnson, Thavolia Glymph, and Annette Gordon-Reed discuss trends in the study of slavery and emancipation.

The Weeping Time

A forgotten history of the largest slave auction ever on American soil.
Crowd in front of Washington Monument for presidential inauguration
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Monumental Disagreements

On America's iconic monuments and the idea of national remembrance.

Virginia School Board Votes to Restore Names of Confederate Leaders to Schools

In the wake of George Floyd’s murder, a school board in Virginia stripped the names of Confederate military figures from two schools.
A historical marker outside Fendall Hall, a plantation.

Historical Markers Are Everywhere In America. Some Get History Wrong.

The nation's historical markers delight, distort and, sometimes, just get the story wrong.
Statute of Robert E. Lee in Richmond, Virginia, with construction hook ready to remove it.
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History Shows the Danger of Comparing Trump to Jesus

It’s important to remember why analogies to Jesus should stay out of the political realm. The results are always ugly.
Commemorative marker about the "Lynching of Howard Cooper."

Efforts to Memorialize Lynching Victims Divide American Communities

Activists around the country are debating the best ways to acknowledge lynchings. But they often meet resistance from local residents — both Black and White.
Mirror images of General James Longstreet.

How a Die-Hard Confederate General Became a Civil Rights–Supporting Republican

James Longstreet became an apostate for supporting black civil rights during Reconstruction.
Henry Grady’s Vision of a “New South.”

Civil War Memory, Reconciliation, and Social Media: A Cautionary Tale

The importance of contextualization and critical evaluation in historical analysis.

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