Being a Victorian Librarian Was Oh-So-Dangerous

In the late 19th century, more women were becoming librarians. Experts predicted they would suffer ill health and breakdowns.

Happy, Healthy Economy

Growth is only worth something if it makes people feel good.

A History of Noise

Whether we consider the sounds of nature to be pleasant or menacing depends largely on our ideologies.
Children working a machine in a textile mill.

The Campaign for Child Labor

Why did David Clark campaign to keep kids working in the early 20th century? For one thing, it benefited his interests.

Can Consumer Groups Be Radical?

Historian Lawrence Glickman looked at the consumer movements of the 1930s to find out.

Where Sunday School Comes From

Sunday school was a major part of nineteenth century reformers’ efforts to improve children’s lives and morals.

The Lost Language of American Loggers

A 1942 glossary documents the origins of terms like "punk," "haywire," and "skidroad."
A painting of George Washington.

What Is Presidents’ Day Actually About?

For most of American history, Washington's Birthday was a really big deal, but that’s changed a lot since the middle of the twentieth century.

What the Prisoners’ Rights Movement Owes to the Black Muslims of the 1960s

Black Muslims have been an influential force in the prisoners' rights movement and criminal justice reform.

Before Net Neutrality, There Was Radio Regulation

How today's media landscape was shaped by a 1920s decision to privilege corporate broadcasters over noncommercial ones.
Semi on a mountain highway.

The Populist Power of the American Trucker

How did truckers nudge the American economy toward deregulation?

The Cookbook That Brought Chinese Food to American Kitchens

The lasting influence of "How to Cook and Eat in Chinese."
Charlie Chaplin and another mustachioed character in a film.

The Meaning of a Mustache

To shave or not to shave? At the start of the twentieth century, a trend away from facial hair reflected dramatic social and economic shifts.
Credit cards

How Credit Reporting Agencies Got Their Power

In an economy based on doing business with strangers, monitoring people's trustworthiness quickly became very profitable.

White Supremacists and the Rhetoric of "Tyranny"

White supremacists have long used fear of losing essential rights in their arguments.
Middle school building.

The Invention of Middle School

In the 1960s, there was no grand vision behind the idea of a middle school. The problem that the model sought to solve was segregation.

When 'Welfare Reform' Meant Expanding Benefits

We often forget that Nixon took decidely liberal stances on welfare, healthcare, and universal basic income.

The Secret Gay Business Network of Midcentury America

In the 1940s and 50s, a life of business travel represented a sense of freedom for gay men that would have been impossible in earlier decades.

What Americans Thought of WWI

What did Americans think of World War I before the US entered the conflict 100 years ago?

The History of Outlawing Abortion in America

Abortion was first criminalized in the mid 1900s amidst concerns that too many white women were ending their pregnancies.

When Dieting Was Only For Men

Today, we tend to assume dieting is for women, but in the 1860s, it was a masculine pursuit.

Lessons From A Japanese Internment Camp

Trump ally Carl Higbie recently cited Japanese internment camps during World War II as a “precedent” for a proposed registry of Muslims in the U.S.

How Televising Presidential Debates Changed Everything

Ever since Kennedy-Nixon, televised debates have given viewers an insight into candidates' policies—and their personalities, too.
A reporter interviewing another man near the wreckage from the Watts Rebellion.

Did The 1965 Watts Riots Change Anything?

Sociological data from immediately after the riots in Watts, Los Angeles, in 1965 show major disparities in attitude by race.