E. Thomas Ewing

What the history of the 1918 Flu Pandemic can help us understand about today's public health measures.

Efforts to pinpoint early cases have been complicated, and in some cases compromised, by distractions and diversions.

A 1918 debate offers a portrait of the challenges facing local officials during a health emergency.

How masks became gendered during the 1918–1919 Flu Pandemic.

Using history to guide us in the difficult present.

Ordinances, arrests, and celebrations during the influenza epidemic.

In Philadelphia, authorities faced a familiar challenge: to protect public health while maintaining individuals' rights to act, speak, and assemble freely.

If kissing was deemed necessary during the flu pandemic, a handkerchief should be used to prevent direct contact with the lips.