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Portrait of Thomas Jefferson

Sunrise at Monticello

Jefferson and his connection to partisanship in early America.
Alexander Hamilton

The Hamilton Hustle

Why liberals have embraced our most dangerously reactionary founder.
Joseph Dennie.

Was the Federalist Press Staid and Apolitical?

Quite the contrary. They used rhetoric to build a partisan community, and realized that parties needed to create and market identities, not simply agendas.

The Echoes of 1800 in the 2024 Election

This year’s momentous vote strangely resembles one of the most consequential elections in American history.
A handwritten envelope for court documents in "The United States v. Thomas Chittenden."

Guilty as Charged

Convicting Vermont’s first governor.
Person wearing Trump 2020 hat in front of protesters with signs being in opposition of funding the war in Ukraine.
partner

Will Foreign Policy Decide the Election?

While it is rare for foreign policy differences between the political parties to affect electoral outcomes, it has happened before.
Thomas Nast’s 1874 elephant illustration.

What History Tells Us Might Happen to the Republican Party

The signs that precede the crumbling of American political parties and the creation of new ones.
Alexander I
partner

Why Early American Conservatives Loved Russia

A conspiracy theory among New England Federalists led some to contemplate separating from the U.S. during the War of 1812.
A 1797 map of New York City.

The Black Cockade and the Tricolor

Space and place in New York City's responses to the French Revolution.
Samuel Chase.

An Intemperate Man: The Impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase

The presence of Federalist judges frustrated Thomas Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican Party, bring justice Samuel Chase under fire.
Political cartoon of American resistance against British colonial power.

Interposition: A State-Based Constitutional Tool That Might Help Preserve American Democracy

Interposition was a claim that American federalism needed to preserve some balance between state and national authority.
Table of election returns printed in newspaper in 1796.

Collusion, Theft, Violence, and Lies: Lurid Tales of American Elections

1796, the first contested presidential election.
Political cartoon of Albert Gallatin attempting to stop a chariot driven by George Washington.

Nativism, Conspiracy Theories, and Mobs in Federalist America

Many people celebrate the U.S. as a nation of immigrants, but nativism has infused its politics from the outset.
Painting of George Washington on horseback, leading troops through the countryside to squash the Whiskey Rebellion.

Examining Public Opinion during the Whiskey Rebellion

This armed uprising in 1794, over taxation by the fledgling new government, threatened to destroy the new union within six years of the Constitution’s ratification.
January 6th rioters.
partner

What the 1798 Sedition Act Got Right — And What It Means Today

It forced a conversation about the dangers of misinformation, one we need to have again today.
circa 1795: Reverend Timothy Dwight IV (1752 - 1817)

What We Can Learn From Early American Conspiracy Theories

How an Illuminati conspiracy theory captured American imaginations in the nation’s earliest days.
A pen and ink portrait of Alexander Hamilton as Treasury Secretary.

A New Hamilton Book Looks to Reclaim His Vision for the Left

In “Radical Hamilton,” Christian Parenti argues that the left should use Alexander Hamilton’s mythologized status to drive home his full agenda.
Painting of a worried child and a despairing mother.

With Friends Like These

On early American attempts to kick out foreigners.

Our First Authoritarian Crackdown

A new book persuasively argues that the Federalists’ attempt to squash opposition and the free flow of ideas was even more nefarious than we thought.

Did an Illuminati Conspiracy Theory Help Elect Thomas Jefferson?

The 1800 election shows there is nothing new about conspiracy theories, and that they really take hold when we don’t trust each other.
partner

Presidents Madison and Trump Did the Same Thing — but Trump Got Impeached

Why criminalizing political opposition can be dangerous.
Map of 1796 presidential election electoral votes by state.
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The Founders Knew That Foreign Interference in U.S. Elections was Dangerous

The origins of our efforts to keep foreign countries out of our elections.

How Did the Constitution Become America’s Authoritative Text?

A new history of the early republic explores the origins of originalism.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall; painting by Henry Inman, 1832.

Hail to the Chief

“John Marshall...exhibited a subservience to the executive branch that continues to haunt us.”

Convulsions Within: When Printing the Declaration of Independence Turns Partisan

Even America's founding document isn't immune to the powers of polarization.

Standing Armies: The Constitutional Debate

Why did Alexander Hamilton and James Madison take up the cause of the very thing that revolutionaries had vehemently opposed?
U.S. government medical marijuana crop at University of Mississippi.
partner

Jeff Sessions is a Hypocrite on States’ Rights. But So is Everyone Else.

Champions of states' rights love federal power when it suits their goals — like Sessions's anti-marijuana crusade.

Mapping the First Decade of Congressional Elections

Using maps to visualize the first five U.S. Congressional elections.
Chuck Schumer talks with a staffer in shadow beneath the seal of the U.S. Senate.
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Secrecy in the Senate

To the framers, working in secret was meant to deliver enlightened legislation.
John Adams
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Why Trump’s Assault on NBC and “Fake News” Threatens Freedom of the Press

Restricting the press backfires politically.

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