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Black and white photo of Fidel Castro giving a speech in front of the Cuban flag.

The 1962 Missile Crisis Was a Turning Point for the Cuban Revolution

The missile crisis led Cuba’s leaders to distrust their Soviet ally—an attitude that ultimately helped their revolutionary system to outlast the USSR’s.
Political cartoon showing Uncle Sam reaching out to pull a child representing Cuba into a carriage with children representing American colonies.

Annexation Nation

Since 1823, when the Monroe Doctrine was first introduced to the world, the US has regarded Cuba as key to its designs for Latin America.
Oil rigs just south of town extract crude for Chevron at sunrise in Taft, California, on July 22, 2008.

How Private Oil Companies Took Over U.S. Energy Security

And why it’s time to take it back.
Painting of a ship in stormy waters, Thomas Buttersworth, A Topsail Schooner in a Heavy Swell

Insurance For (and Against) the Empire

Marine insurance itself was a business that flourished during periods of war and uncertainty. It had a complex relationship with the British state.
Drapery of a soldier displayed in a barren field.

The Economic Weapon

The fate of the League of Nations provides a stark warning about using sanctions as a tool of modern warfare.
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The Modern History of Economic Sanctions

A review of “The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War."
In this photo provided by the U.S. Air Force, a transport plane is framed in a shattered window at the Baghdad airport on June 24, 2003.

How America Learned to Love (Ineffective) Sanctions

Over the past century, the United States came to rely ever more on economic coercion—with questionable results.
Early 20th century black-and-white photograph of workers harvesting kelp.

Burning Kelp for War

World War I saw the availability of potash plummet, while its price doubled. The US found this critical component for multiple industries in Pacific kelp.
Trump glares at Trudeau at the G7 meeting.
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Trump Has Ignored the Worst Chapter of U.S.-Canada Relations

The War of 1812 holds lessons about the costly error of tariffs — not the threat of Canadians.
Putin and Trump.

The Secret Life of Statutes: A Century of the Trading with the Enemy Act

What began as an effort to define and punish trading with the enemy has transformed into economic warfare.
Text overlay over a photograph of a WW1 soldier aiming a machine gun over a pile of sandbags.

40 Maps That Explain World War I

Why the war started, how the Allies won, and why the world has never been the same.
The White House surrounded by outlines of Iran, Russia, North Korea, Cuba, Venezuela, China, Syria, and Afghanistan.

How Four U.S. Presidents Unleashed Economic Warfare Across the Globe

U.S. sanctions have surged over the last two decades and are now in effect on almost one-third of all nations. But are they doing more harm than we realize?
Portrait of a Sailor (possibly Paul Cuffe), circa 1800.

Paul Cuffe’s Revolutionary American Life and Legacy

Paul Cuffe was the first Black American to formally meet with a sitting president at the White House.
Alexander I
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Why Early American Conservatives Loved Russia

A conspiracy theory among New England Federalists led some to contemplate separating from the U.S. during the War of 1812.
U.S. Ambassador Daniel Moynihan discusses violence in the Middle East at the U.N. Security Council
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Changing Views on Israel Isolating the U.S. at the U.N.

Americans have been isolated at the U.N. on Israel for a half century — but that used to prompt fierce debate.

“All the Consent That’s Fit to Manufacture”

An interrogation of The New York Times’ archive reveals a sordid record of support for American wars, right-wing dictatorships and U.S.-backed regime-change.
Migrants in line for U.S. Customs and Border Protection, barbed wire in the foreground.
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Biden’s Border Policies Target Haitians. That’s No Accident.

The long history undergirding our harsh bipartisan migration policies.
A painting of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent.

The Treaty of Ghent: Annotated

The Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812, an oft overlooked conflict that continues to shape the politics and culture(s) of North America.
Drawing of people gathered around a speaker at the liberty tree.

The Letter That Helped Start a Revolution

The Town of Boston’s invention of the standing committee 250 years ago provided a means for building consensus during America’s nascent independence movement.
The first informal meeting of the League of Nations in Geneva, 1920.

Do Sanctions Work?

A new history examines their use in the past and considers their effectiveness for the future.
Ronald Reagan pointing at a graph explaining his tax policy.
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Inflation Opened the Door to American Neoliberalism

An excerpt from "The Hidden History of Neoliberalism."
A line of cars waiting their turn at a filling station in Portland, Oregon, 1973.

The Price of Oil

The history of control and decontrol in the oil market.
Black and white drawing of early 19th century naval vessels.

The Insurers’ Wars

When Thomas Jefferson’s administration was debating whether to declare war against Britain, it came up against America’s wealthy and influential marine underwriters.
Collage of a photograph of a boy over a photo of Castro and his entourage.

My Brother’s Keeper

Early in the Cuban Revolution, my mother made a consequential decision.

Purchasing Patriotism: Politicization of Shoes, 1760s-1770s

Materials themselves, like shoes reflected and shaped political cultures around the revolutionary Atlantic and World.
Man reading paper about gas rationing in front of a sign that reads "sorry no gasoline."
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1973 – The Year That Changed Everything

The story of the oil shocks of 1973 and how they continue to shape the world we live in today.

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